The Difference between Translation and Interpreting
Interpreting and translation are two closely related linguistic
disciplines. Yet they are rarely performed by the same people. The difference
in skills, training, aptitude and even language knowledge are so substantial
that few people can do both successfully on a professional level.
On the surface, the difference between interpreting and translation is
only the difference in the medium: the interpreter translates orally, while a
translator interprets written text. Both interpreting and translation
presuppose a certain love of language and deep knowledge of more than one
language.
The Skill Profile of Technical Translators
The differences in skills are arguably greater than their similarities.
The key skills of the translator are the ability to understand the source language
and the culture of the country where the text originated, then using a good
library of dictionaries and reference materials, to render that material
clearly and accurately into the target language. In other words, while
linguistic and cultural skills are still critical, the most important mark of a
good translator is the ability to write well in the target language.
Even bilingual individuals can rarely express themselves in a given
subject equally well in both languages, and many excellent translators are not
fully bilingual to begin with. Knowing this limitation, a good translator will
only translate documents into his or her native language. This is why we at
Language Scientific absolutely require our technical translators only translate
into their native language, in addition to their subject matter expertise.
An interpreter, on the other hand, must be able to translate in both
directions on the spot, without using dictionaries or other supplemental
reference materials. Interpreters must have extraordinary listening abilities,
especially for simultaneous interpreting. Simultaneous interpreters need to
process and memorize the words that the source-language speaker is saying now,
while simultaneously outputting in the target language the translation of words
the speaker said 5-10 seconds ago. Interpreters must also posess excellent
public speaking skills and the intellectual capacity to instantly transform
idioms, colloquialisms and other culturally-specific references into analogous
statements the target audience will understand.
Interpreter Qualifications
Interpreting, just like translation, is fundamentally the art of
paraphrasing—the interpreter listens to a speaker in one language, grasps the
content of what is being said, and then paraphrases his or her understanding of
the meaning using the tools of the target language. However, just as you can
not explain a thought to someone if you did not fully understand that thought,
neither can you translate or interpret something without mastery of the subject
matter being relayed.
It simply cannot be overstated: when choosing an interpreter, his or her
expert knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as their
interpreting experience. (See the section "Why Subject Expertise Matters
for Technical Translators" for a more detailed discussion of the
importance of subject matter knowledge for technical translators and
interpreters).
Language Scientific's interpreters possess the following skills:
Thorough knowledge of the general subject to be interpreted
Intimate familiarity with both cultures
Extensive vocabulary in both languages
Ability to express thoughts clearly and concisely in both languages
Excellent note-taking techniques for consecutive interpreting
At least 2-3 years of booth
experience for simultaneous interpreting
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